Filter apparatus.



' reaily fusible solide from a liqui as-oil,

` rmsuvam&

iioasa,

Be it known-that I, HowAu M. NIcnoLs, a citizen of the United` States, residing at Swa'thmo're county of Deiaware, State of Penns 1vania,- have invented ,a new and useful Fifter Apparatus, of which the Following is a specificaton. 4

My invention relates to ap atus for filtering material from a liqu ahfl particu-, lariv 'for extracting wax,-tai1.ew *qw other and mot-e particularly for the extraction of y Pai'aifin-wax from pa'afiin distillaue.

` .In accordance with my invention; the li'quid containing the 'material to be extracted therefrom is` forced undet suitable pressure into a chamber havin a wall consistin of a suitable Ftering me ium, as fabric, o

i suhstantial'ly its entire surface ,or area, the

i\ material to he ext'acted. 'collecting upon one side of the filtering medium and the liquid filtrate passing through the filtering medium to theoppo s te side thereof into the sur p is ' rounding atmosphere` In the case of wax, tallow or like materials the liquid, as oil, containing the same may be suitabiy chilled to cause the more ready `sepa'etion on' the filtering medium- `and in such case the atmmph ere surrounciing the filtering medium is maintained at any suitable' low temperature equal to, lower or.

higher than the temperature of the chilledl* li uiduope-ated upon' hen the extmctedinaterial isLof-a-character which r'eadily melts *bifuses," 'as in the case ofwax, tallowor the 1ike, it"is'prefertemg medium and d'awihg it ofi in iiquid may 'be broughtto a temperature ;suitable for sweating out the oil or contained iiquid i such immediately meke the filtering medium an i on conducted et a laterista Specifieation ot Letters Ptent.

`capacity and low heat conductivit 4 formsof filter presses `in=`which the join mustbe made leak-proof before introductio d character refet-red to endinfor muze hrrmnis.

' PattedMayB, 1919;

Apjication mea rebmar Bi, es. Serial n'a; new.

substantially entirely by a fab'ic ,or equivar' lent filtering medium which has small an which is supported -elatively free an inde pendently of piates or parts of metal orother 60 material ofrelatively high beat conductivity and capacty and is surrounded by a free at: mosphere without closely ap roaching parte of metal or other mate-alo high heat con v ductivity and high 'heat capacit Byem- 06 ployment of such structure, t e wax or other material is readil extracted from the" oil or other liquid, an there is efl'ected an economy in the energy employed for maintaining the filtering ap a-atus at the neees-. sary low temperature ecase of the small amount of heat which can flow into the ap paratus because of its smallheat capacity.` u 'Ihe heat content of the apparatus after the v rise in temperature necessary for meltin the 76 wax (mother material for its removal rom the filter" chamber is small, and there is correspondingly small lossupon"reint'od'"` of chil'led liquidwhich must again re My invention resides, thei-e in filtering appamtus or filter press structure heat Capacity is. flmmimum; -illtOWhOBO, structure parts of'. tal or gtheimateiaI-"Qf high heatconductivity doht'rW i snhstantial extent; whichcan readily su rou'ifed by Very cold attnosphere;` the rucimre is such that the. wax need not; .be 1.,move1 mechanically, as by 'land and which isfif'ee of' the numerous joints'between` the elements or pa-ts of the more comm which must be ;iisassembled ter br cross "section introducig` the qnstruction hereinafter v `d UNITE STATES mmm OFFIC I Gi i 4." .i

' merely' and' without limiting inyi i ventonf `folds of Figsg8tand 9.

reference is to be had to the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a Vertical seetiona'l View, pa'tly in elevation, showing a single unit of'wax aceoi npanying pressing apparatus enbodying' y in vention.

, arts in elevation, taken on theline 5-5 of i 3.' ig "6 is a vertical sectional View some parts in elevation, taken on the line 3-3 of ig. 7 is e form of apparatus embodying my invention.

Fig8 is a side ele'vational view of apparatus shown in Fig. 7.' V

Fig. 9 is a horizontal seetional View and plan'of the lower part of the' apparatus of Fi. 8. V y

' ig. 10 is a cross' sectional View, on enlarged scale, of one of the bottom mam- Referring to Figsl and 2, lis a casing of suitable fabric, such as woven cotton or linen` `febri-e, and such, for example, as cmployed -for' fabric fire hose or the like. The ^fabrie easing l may be of any suitable shape or form, though tubular form is prefe--edand for'brevity the casing or ehanher 1 is herein referred to as a tube; 5

The tube or hose 1 is prefe'rably of" circular cross` section, thougl' it "will -be understood 'that it maybe of any other 'suitable cross see'tion. 'Itis preferably long as 'compare(l"to its 'diameter', andas an ex'unple to any articular dimens'ions, the tube 1 may beQO 'ee't' long, and have a diameter 'bf 2 inches, more or'less The, tube 1 is prefer'ably disposed in a vertical position wth its upperand h wer ends elamp'ed' to 'or otherwisesitably held in liquid tight relationwiththe tiip er ed plug i or' hloeks 2, 2 longitudinally ot' `whiel*are forced the glands` dr clamping members 4-' by taking up upon the` bolts 3; The end' of the tube '1 is cofinedgbetween' the' nen'bers ?and 3, and as thifn'ernber 4 is `dra'wn longitudnally of the'meiber 2, the hose s seenrely clauped between thenuforning a'` pressire-tiglit y joint. p

=I-n `-case `e'xceptinally high or unusual pressures are enployed. there may be disposed around and outside of the hose l an aruor of metal, fabrie or eord of any suitable structure having suitable openings for passage of liquid therethrough; for extop plan view of a modified ample, a woven wire arnor such as emnmonly used on air hose may be enployed The lower plug or block 2 hastherein a' passage (i connunicating with the inte'tio.- of the tube l and conneeting through pipe 7 and valve 8 with &header pipe or nanifolcl 9 cnnecting with the source of wax hearing oil.

Extending longitudinally of and preferably at the 'center of the tube 1 is the ppe 10 which at its lower end' is threaded into the lower plug or block 2 in connunicaton'.

or header 14 communicatin with .a source of any suitable heating medium, as-stean,

which is passed upwardly through thevalve 13,' .pipe 12, passage 1 1.- and pipe 10 to the exhaust manifold or; header 15. At its upper end the pipe 10 extends through'the' upper plug or block 2 and through theblantl member 16 to header 15. Member -16 screw threaded intothe hole l7tin the neu-,

ber 2, and within thehole 17 .and beneath the bland 16 is disposed the packiug n'i'aterial 18 which, upon advance of ,the gland member 16 (lmvnwardl-y, makes apressure-. tight connection 'between 'the pipe 1. 0 mud: the block 2. By this eonstr'ction expensio'n or eontraetion of pipe 10 d'uetoten'- peratre changes may take place without ,efl'eet upon hos il or upper plug. 2. i

'22 through which stean' or any other suit:

able heatingmediun is ileliverectfor purposes hereinutter described. i

.\n v suitable nun er of hose 'or tubular uits 1 of the rharae r above described may. be assen'bled in a )ank*as illustratel-in Figs. 3, 4 and within any suitable rooir or ehanber whose side walls; botto'n a'ncl root" are iiulirated respectively atih i and 25. all preferabl 'y of poor'leat-`eo1duc-. tirity or suitably` insulated'againstvheatl .i-:as't'e' tilmi-through. .i .\lo, oueside nei' the bottom of the room is a pipi ,or header 26 and ,on the opposite sideis fsimilarly disposed headeror pipe 27. Exte'ding between the pipesa26, and 27 are lhe'four groups of transverSe headers or pipes, each group eonprising the three pipes wll and 22 hereinbefore referred to, earn hose nit communicating with the headers 9, 14 and 22 through the pipes and valve as described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2. At the encls of the transverse headers 9, 14 and 22 are the velves 28, 29330, 31; 32 and 33. And on oppoite encls of the header or pipo 26 Wit uu the room ere the valves 34, 35; and

the pipe 27 is ei'ilarly controlled by valves 36 and 37,` the pipe 27 having in addition safety valve or r elief `naive 38 indicated in Fig; 3.

!t the top' of the room are disposed the l'orizontal pipes or headers 15 wth which the' ipes"""10*of'the severel'tnbe units comnincate. l 5 u v As illustrated in Figs. 4 and-'6, there is disposed on each of the op'posite sides near the top of the chamher a. refrigerating coil 39 thnough which is circulaed any sutable cooling medium, as for example, chilled rime. e'

And similwly disposedlnear the-bottom ot the-thamber ere the heating coils 40 through which may be circulated steam or *euv other euiteble heating medium.

Disposed beneath the filter press units within the chanber is a pan 41' having a,

'bottom suitehly inclined toward and deliverin linte theclrew-off pipe 42'.

ien necessary to repair a tube unit or t:`.liscontinue its operation for any cause,

i't may beisoleted or taken out of service b! closing its associated vulves 8, 13 and eo 2 i lteferring to Figs. 7 `to 10 inclusive, a. modifimzl'and 'si' ler structureis shown.

'At the top of tie apparat's are the.horizonte] pihet or manifo'lrls 43, each closed at its one end nnl ut its other connected to the Pm ie"deliverml,` through the Valve (loniectiug with each pipe 43 is a pluratlity ofye tieel pipes 10 exten'ding, as in Fig.` 1, through the gland members 16 Carrie-d by u the upper plugs or blocks 2, to which the hose or tlibes 1` are Secured 'by the members 4, the pipes 10 extendn to thebottom of the upparatus and into t e holes' 46' in the te per-ed `lug or block members 47 cast integral ""'with t ie' inanifohl 48--heving the*"lngitudinlly extending cl'umben 49"ltnd 50, Fig. 10,.

the holee' l conmunicting with the chamber 49' unected through valve 51 with the eteem outlet pipe` 52. !The fab'ic tubes 1 ere wr urecl, es .in Fig. jl, at theirlowen ende by member l to the bloeks or plug members fit?. :With tl ehambem 50 in the nanifold 48 one 811( controlled l'y li'and vtlv' 56101'- (le ivermg thewzx hearing liquid into the chambers 50\ .piffje .Titi commuuicetesthrough the valve tith thepi''ie 58, through which n'elted i 'i 'l-:Lwn off; (lommuniceting s the pipe 59, controlled by Tit) and"connenicatiug With To the 'pp 59 'may be atteched 4` to 'which steiun or other heating resistance to the flow of oil progressively .in-

or higher. u

I e u a preu'e gege With the otherencl of each of'the chamhers 50 connected a pipo 64 communicating through hand vulve (55 With the` pipe 66" connected with a Source of z'ir mder pressure. Beneath the manifolds 48 is'disposed *a pan 41 hevin the oil drawofi' pipe 42 controlled by va `v'e 69. From` pipe 42 there isa branch pipe 70 connecting with ppe 58 and controlled by Valve (iS. Themodeof operation of the apparatus of` Figs. 1 to (i for extrecting wax fro'm purafin distillate as follows? e The v alves 35 'and 37 are closed. end valve 36 opened. The valves 29,` 30, 32` and 33 in the transverseheaders' 14: and 22 ere closed. The valves 8, 13`and 21 of all the tube units i renainopen except when the unit is to be 4 isoletedor taken out 'of service. The valves 28 and 31 'in the tran sversehea'lers 9 are' opened. Thereupon the alve 3-1 opened, with the result that thene is; (lelvered through the. pipe 26 wa'x hearing oil, such as the petroleum product known as parafhn distillete, chilled to suitably low temperature, as'fer example, 3'2 degrees F. or an suitable` higher or lower temperature. %he wax hearing oil is pumped through the pipe 26 i under :my suitable pressure and is delivered into the transverse headers 9' and from them through 'the valves 8 and p'ipes 7 through the lo'wer. plugs or blocks 2 into the tubes or 'hose 1, completely filling them. i The wex collects and is retai'ned upon the inner wall of the. fabric tubee` 1 and the "oil, more or less cox r pletely feed of WlX, postit-s through-'the fal 'ric walls; trickles down the *outeru surface tl'ereof "and" eollects in the pan 41 and is drawn olf through the pipe 4-2 to :my suitable point, as a storage tenk.

Upon firstintroducing wax hearing oil lili ficcs; but' as' wax collects within the tube,

creaees,' requiring inereasingt oil pressure, wlch may reach 125 pounds per square inch,

resisure of* the "wax 26 excef Should 'the oil ;delivered t roughthe pipredete'mined value to `whic the rehefor.` I s safety valve 38 is set,- the letter-'will open;

end I allow. passage of wfx' hearing 'oil' through the transverse headers 9 'into :the heajde- 27 through 'the valve 36 `and relief u am-38, and thereby prevent 'exessive p i 'sure within the' tubel. i 4, 4

While the wax may be'prezeed` o-' extrecte 4 ed from the wax beariugpil" as ebove described without additiom'l chilling of the* room or'cham'ber, it -is preferred to cool u l chamber by passing cold brine or other dium through the coLla'39,- the heating co'le 40 in the meantine 'being inopemtiveil The i ing oil delivered into the tuhes.

grees helow the temperature ot the wax hearly SO 'antannng the surrounding atnosphere at a lower temperature, the separation of the wax from the oil within the 'ruhet:` l oeeurs `with g'eater rapidity; and the separation is.

more complete, as nanifested hy the fact that. the oil delivered into the pan ll and through the pipes 42 SlIOWH a lower ooldor cloud test than in therase where the temperature external to the tubes lis not so maintained lower than the tenmerature ot' the wax hearing oil entering the tube&

` valve 35 opened, theruhy adnittiug any s'uitable heating fluid through the right end-ot' the ppe 20, Fg. 3. The valves 29 in the transrerse headers 14 are opened, and heating fluid delivered therethrough and through the pipes 12 andpassags 11 in the plugs or hloe (s 2 into the pipe 10 within the tuhes 1,

the heating fluid passing upwardly through these ppes and eseapn uto the header 15 v y 1 and carl-Jed oti thereby. lhe heatng flud flowng through the pipes 10 iS regulated to .unpart to the wax a suitable temperature for causing the ol ronlained theren to sweet out, thei-ofroni. The ol in so separatug from the wa): passrs ontwardly through the wax and through the fabrie walla* of the t'hes 1, triekles downwardly on the outside ot' the 'tuhee `'and eollects iu the pan 41 and is drtwn oli" through the p'ipe 42.

This sweating process may be aided hy 'shutting 'o't' the. flow ot rhilled lirine through the pipo roil 39 and passing steam or other heating medium through the lower pipo 'eoils 40 to produco :L' Suitahle len' 'wrature within the room or ehaiiber.

To'ren'ove the wax from the tuhes 1 either in the caso where the Wax has first. been 'Sweated out as above-described or in the ease where it has not been so treated, heatiu g illlld' at sufl'ciently high temperature s v passed in su'ioient quantity through the pipes 10 as heretofore described to raise the wax` to and ahoveits nelting point, whereupon -it flows' downwardly through the passages G in the' lower plugs 2 through the pipes 7 and valvola& to the transverse headers 9 and thence throu h the now open valves 31 into the header 2 V and delivered through the now open val've 37 to any suitable point,

or to storage. Or for the purpose of molting the wax the v alves 30 in the transver headers 22 are opened,xwhereby Stean or other heating fluid flows through the valve 35 and header 20 through the valves 30 to the trausv'erse headers and thence throu h the pipes 20 and Valves 21 through tie passages 19 in the lower plugs or blocks 2 and through the short pipes 19" directly 770 into the interier of the 'tuhes into direct contact with the wzx, which nelts and flows out through the passages 6 and pipes 7, valves S am] transverse headers 9, through pipo 27 and ralve ;37, as above described. Or heating fluid may he sinultaneously passed through the pipes 10 and' aduitted through the. pipes 19" for wax nelting purposes.

When the tuhes 1 hare heen cleared of wax, the operation may he repeated hy again suitahly setting the vlves and adnitting elilled wax hearing oil. v

The operation of the apparatus of Figo. 7 to 10 inelusive is in general the same :s that v above. described. Briefly it iS as follows:

By opening the ralre 50 and the valves 54. the ralves 65 and 57 being closed. the ehilled wax hearing oil is delivered under pressure into the ehamhers 50. 'from which it rises through holes 53 into the interier of the o fahric tubes 1; wax separates by collecting i upontthe inner wall of tube 1 and the oil' passes through the fabrie of the tuhes land trirkles down into the pan 41 as hereinbefore described. lVith the valre 60 open, the 96 pressure of the wax hearing oil may be read upon the gage 63, If the pressure rises :hore a predetermined' value, the relief valve (11 opens and Some of the wax hearing oil will pass ofl' through pipo '62, back to the oo reservoir or huk containing the wax hearing oil to he treated. By such urrangementthe tuhes 1 are protected against rupture.

After wax has aoeumulated to suitable depth or tlirkness on the inner walls of the tuhes 1, the rah e 56 ma he closed and the valves 45 and 1 opene whereupon .stem' or hther heating fluid will pass downwnrdly through the pipes 10 from the manifolds 13 into the ehambers 49 of the lower manifolds o 48 and through the valves 51 and out by the pipo 52. Aecordingly the wax within the thes 1 is raised in temperature to sweat'o'ut oil therefrom, .which passes outwardly through the, fabric tube. Or preforably, the' teperature is raised tota point causing'the wax to nelt, whereupon it will flowdownwardly throu h the holes 53 into the chambers 50, ut t rough the valves 54 and 57 to the pipo 58, whi 'h oarries it to its destination, where it is solidified and may later be sweted out.. Thereafter the operation may he rpeated by again introducing waxtbearin" oil through vnlves 56 and 54 as above When the wax is nelted in the tubes 1, some escapes though them and finally colleets and solidifies in the pan 41. It, may there-be melted ,by passing steam through the pipe 67, and drawn ofl through pipo 42 1:0

moshes ;palve eshte pipe 58, va1ve 69 being henever desirable, the chanhers onay of wax hearing oil or of melted mut'by .opening the valves 65 and admitting or other sutable medium under pressure blow the oil or melted wax out through 8354, the oil being delivered back, if throu h valve 56,` c r -drawn off through pi 8; and melted waxmay be ofl' t 'rough the valves 54 and pipes. ygrecourse'tothe structure of the charhereinbefore described, 'the heat caity is` very small because of the small mi: capacity of the tuhes 1 and because of flm presence in' only insi ifieant quantities g'etal orother materia of relatively great .As e rem t, 'the riseintemperature acmpanying melting of the ,wax stores in the tructure only a relatively very small i f b t, and the apparatus is therethemel-e quickly and inex ensively e upon reintroduction of chi led wax' :a heme oil;

And because of its low heat Capacity and i conductivity the apparatus during the; i riod of` extrae'ton of wax from chilled ilmiirsorbs onlyxinconequential amounts .of

he lfih'om the surrqundngs with resultant saving infrefrigera i E'-the nore, b tructure of the character described, thefilter chambers or tubes 1 are 'rrounded jhy` free i atmosphe-e which is maintained at suitabl y low temperatentbeing unneeessary to,i`disassemble the Btrueture QWremoval of wtx, es in the case 't the `'eon mol used` plate type .filter the structure is extremely and ii 'of'a character avoding the I rou' o ntscharacteristic ofthegflatefilterf m which itis necessary to isnse -theplates,

m'tha eollecte wax, which is then re.- ved meehanically, as byhand 'operated and which must be reassembled with e e: ciao of eareto make the joints leak &fore admission of fresh wax beari my' structure the ratio of the amount "Loff wax extracted'to the amount of metal present for to the total heat Capacity of the t "metalis large as. com &red to any other type` es of filter appemtus' o which I am aware.

` f By structure of the character herein described, great saving in labor is efl'ected bej cause of the simplicty of mode et operation` wliereby the wax collected in the filter ebam- !0 bel-sis meltedndwithdrawn in liquid fer-111,&

requiing no dihassembling or,` disconnection` t nipat of-the appamtus. "And the Iperav tion ofth-'apparatus .is efl'ected without 're-` hipard with the Free and effort necessary for i filter fabric of 'low heat conductivity and `outer surface in substantially free contact delivering chilled wax hearing' oil under askets, etc., to permit in substantially free contact with the sur-' removing Wax from plate type filter presses, the .wax being simply melted and drawnofl described. t v u Ii`n-t1eruo-e, by apparatus of the character described, its use ay b'e pructically coni\ tn(s,'the time' for melting and drawing ofl' the wax lxing relativcly short and incon- `s`equential as Compared with the time consuned in disasse'bling plate type filter presses, 'rmoving the wax there rom, end i'easse'bling the same.

The structure of `the character herein de-. srihed is si'pleujl'ess eostly, and requires less ground or floor space than any other type of. fi1ter press structure of equal capacity of which I'ameware. i

WVhat I claim is: i e

1. Apparatnsof low heat Capacity for fil'- tering wax from chilled oil comprisingaclosed filter cha'mber consisting of`a filtermediun of low heat apacity; means for supporting said medium with its imcr and outer surfaces substantially free of contact with other bodies, means for int'odcinQthe* ehllel Wax hearing oil into said chnber, means for n'elting the wax colleeted upon 'the inner surface of said chanbe', and means for conducting* the 'elted wax from said chamb', whereby Vwax nay be filtered' from 'the oil and removed from the;` ehamber without dis- D assen'bling the filter apparatus. i

2. Apparatus of low heat capacity for filtering wax froni chilled oil comprising' low heat capacity forning a closed filter clan'ber, means for supporting said filter fahric with its inner 'surface substantielly free of contact with other bodes and its with the surrounding"atmosphere, means for presure into said chamber, a, heater within said chamber spaced from the wall thereof for melting the wax (-ollected u on the in i ner surface of said-chamber` an. means for gnductng the nelted wax fromsaid chamr. 4 E i 3. Apparct'us of low heat capacityfor fil: tel-ing wax from chilled oil; comprisng filter i fabric of low heat conductivitv and low heat capaeity forming a eiosedv filter chambe', means forspmirti said filter fab'ie with A its inner surface su istantially free of contact With other hodies ;andits outer surface i 12.0 rounding atmosphere, means` for maintain -fl ing the atmosphere surrounding said cham ber at low ten perature, means 'for deliverin chilled wax hearing 'oil under pressure in e, said cha'nber., means for neltng the-wa: collected upon the inner surface of said n closed liltcr`rhnnlor `-onsi.-ting of u filter ncdiun oflow hoat Capacity, menus torsupportiug: said medium with its: inncr and outcr sui-tacos Hlist:llil2ll troc of contact.

5 with other lnulics, mcuus for iutroducing thc rhilh l wux hearing oil into said dnnber, ncnns within szid chnhcr tor liher'ting hoat unt l menus for drawing off mcltcd Wax froni said chznhe'. V

.3. Appn'tus ot low hoat Capacity for filtering w'x t'i-om vhillcl oil conp'isiu u closml liltcr humbur cousisting of :t fiTtcr mliuu ot low lcut Capacity. nczns for supporting said nmliun with it@ inne'nndouter surfacvs shstuutizlly tren of contact With otlL-r hfltilOS. means for iutrtxlucing. the' chillml wnximnriug oil into said chmnber; ncuns` within said chnnber ;tor rceiving :t -heuting uctliuu and isolating the heating ncdiun from the contents of said clnmbcr,

and means for' drawing oti' mcltcd wnx from said chnnhcr. y t i (3. `Appurntus of low hent capncity for filtering wux from chillcd oil comprisng u substzintially vertical fabric tube having its iuner and outcr surface* substuntially free from contact with other hodics, means for lclivcring the chilled wnx bem-in oil into said: tube under prwsurc. means within said tube for libernting' hcut, nud means forcon- 7. Filter :pparntus conp'ising u tubi-ic tube, and vlon-ntm for said tuhc,:n end closu'o couprising u plug cxtondingiuto said tuho', njchmping ucnhcr surrounding said tulc, said plug. ;imi clamping member being rclntircly myvi-cd, means tor torcing suil clamping' member ongitulintlly 'of Snid plug for clamping;- "aid tho to said plug,

40 and meansi'or iutrphu'ing into said tube fluid to ho filtorml. E S. Filter ;Lpparntts comprisiug :t tnhric tuho mut closurcs :torsuid tuhc, :in ond closurc conprising' u plug, said plug' having :t

passage opening i to .said tubc. menus-'for introlcing fluid togho filtered through said pussng nto snul tube, :t pipo wthusaid tubc cxteuhug lctu'ocn sami end closurcs,

and connmtious for passing hcuting ncdiun 5 through said pipo.

thercfr 9. Filter ap'uurut s comprising tubi-ic tubo means for introducing fluid to bo liltel-od into said tube. :I pipe cxtonding longitudinally through snid tube und spata-.d

cating 'withsaid pipo. I

10. Filter apparatns conprising a fhri:: tnbe, e'nd closurcs for said tube. means tor intjoducing fluid to be filtorcd into said tube,

o and a. fluid connection commun io' andxapipe within ;said tuho oxtcndin: nt

`its one and` through one oul closurc. thu 'other end closurehvin passage conuiatigwith the 'otl'or 't o'ti snid pipo.

11.* Apparatns ofloivlict cupucity for lterinjzawax from i chilled 'oil coprising tube; end closures for' said tube ncans for.

introducing fluid to be filtered into said tube; a pipe within said tube and having flui tl connections at opposi'tc onds tlereof through said end closurcs." onc of said end closures,

having a passage communicating with the 'interier of said tube, and a connection with said passage from the exterior of' said tube:

13. Filter apparatus comprising a' fabric.

tube, end closires for said tube, a connection for introducing liquid to be filtered into said tube a second connection with the inte- -ioof sadtub 'for dliverin'g heating mediun into the same, and a pipewvithin said tube and commnnicating with the exterio' at oppoite ends thei-cof. r

14. Filter appnratus comprising a pluv rality of closed fabric tubes, a manifold having passagcs therein, connections from one 'of said passnges 'to the interiors of`said tubes; means for conducting .li'quid'to be filtered into said one of said passages, pipes in said tubes commnnicating with another of said passages, and a heating fluid connection with said other of said passage& i i

15.` Filter apparatus comprising a plu- 'ality of closed fabric tubes, a unifolil lim:- ing pnssnges thc'cin connections f'o'ni'ono of said 'passag's to the interiors of said tnbes, means for `co'ducting liqnid to bo filtered 'into said one of said passagcapipus in said tuhes comnunicating at one end with :mother 'of said pssges, a'sccond munifoh'l connected With said pipes at thir other onds, 'and heating fluid connection& with siid other of' said psts'snges and said second manifold. V

16.Filtenppratts conprising a plurnlity of closed fabric tuhos. nnnifold having pussnges thercin, conncctions from onc of said passages to the intc iors oflsid tubcs, pipes \iithin said tube connecting with zu'thcr of said"passzge means for delivoring hciting fluid to said piposvfor melting material gathered upon the, inner surfaces of'saictjtbes which flows through said (-.onncction. into said one of said pussagcs and conncctions with said one of said pnssagcs for 'dlivcring liqnid'to bc filtered there-to and for d'zwig thei-ofron .Saiti "a-naifolcl hnvingpa'ssnges the'ein, conncjte e v the wan oi .said tube, means for 'discontmutons from one of said passages to the interiors of said tubes, pipes in said tubes communicating at one end with another of'said passages, and a second nanifold connected 5 with said pipes at their other eids.

.18. Filter apparatus comprising a plui'l ity of vertical fab'io tubes, a nanifold having passages therin, an end closurefor I each tube on said manifold having apeftures l comt'nunicntingiwith said assa es, closu res I -atflthe up er ends of said tu es, a ppe within eac tube .communicating w ith one of sid'passages through one of sad aper- `-fttirs, another of--Sad apertures'eommum- 1 ctiig with the interier ofsnid tube; and

with-anotheof said passages, and a i'nanfold above said tubes connecting with said 1 es. i

1 9. Filter aiaratus comprising a fabric tube, a manifo sage therein, a connection from one of sind passages to the interior of said tube, means forconducting liquid to be filtered into said passage, means for conducting elastic flmd into said passage, a pipe within said tube connecting with another of said passages in said manfold, and means for eonducting fluid into said pipe.

20. Filter apparatuscomprising a plurality of vertical filter tubes, z\ manifold for eonducting liqid to be filtered into said tubes, a receptaele benesth said tbes for receiving liquid passedthrough the same, means for heating the interiors of said tubcs. and heating means in 'said receptacle. 21. Filter apparatus comprisig a plurality of filter'tubes, a nanifold having pas- .sages therei, connections from one of said assages to the 'nteriorsof said tubes pipes n' said tubes eommunicating with another of said passages, means for' delivering liquid into said one of said passages, means for drawing off liqu'd from said one of said passages, and valve controlling the introduction and withdrawal of liquid from said one of said passeges.

22. Apparatus of low heat eapacity for filterin wax from oil compris'ing a substanti` ly vertical fabrio tube, means supporting said tube with its innerand outer surfac'es substantially free of contact with other bodies, means fordelivering wax bearing oil-under pressure into said tube, means formaintaining the atmosphere surround- -s aid tube at low tem Jerature, a recepe !or collecting the oil passing through f i ;nfl flow of, wax bearin -oil, means within said:- tube for melting't e'wax gathered oo' its &imer surface, and means for drawing flhheltedwax from said tube. i Filter appa'atus comprsing a substantially vertical' fabric tube having 'its *hnr 'and' outer surfaces substantielly free &I'. .ofz iotaot: with other bodies, means feminhaving a pluralty-of pasa told.

trdcing into said tube the fluid to be filtered, and-a i extendin through said` tube and space& rom the wa 'ther-cof; ,324. Filter apparatus comprising a selfsupportin fabrc tube havin its inner and outer Wel surface substantia l free, means for introducing fluid to befitered under pressure into said tube, a pipe extending throu h said tube and;spaced from the inner 'wall t i ereof,: andmeans for delivering heating medium through said pipe.

5. Filter a paratus comprisng a self-` supporting fa ricj tube whose inner -and outer surfaces are substantially free,' a member having a plurality of passages,` one of said passages communicatin'g wth the interior of said tube, and a ppe within said tube spaced from the inner walls thereof and connected with another of said passa es.

26. Filter apparstus comprising a fa rio tube whose imer and outer surfacesnree substantally free, a member having a pl rality 'of' passages, a lug on said member 'extending into said tu e, means surroundi 4 said. tube and elampingthe same to. a

plu one of said assages cutnnnieatin wit the 'interior oi said tube throu h sai&

lug for delivering thereto' liqui to be ltered, a ipe extending through said tube and spaceri fron the inner wall thereof connected through said plug with another 'of said' `passages, and means for delivering heating fluid to said pipe.

27.; ilter ap'paratus' comprsing a plu- L rality' of fabric chambers, a mani old having passages therein; plugs on said manifold :Eormng elosures for, said ehanbers, means *for conduct-ing lquidinto. and awa from 'said throughaaid plugs an one of said assages, heating-elements within said cham ers,- and eonnections therewith extending throu h saidplugs and communicating with anoter of sad 'passages in said mam- 28. Filter' apparatus comprising a substantially vertical fabric tube having its iner andouter surfaces substantially free of contact with other bodies, tapering plugs 4 frojeeting into said tube at its up' er and ower ends, means for .clamping `t eends 116 of said tube to said' plugs to form a resr sure-ti ht joint,` a heating element within said tu e, con''ections to and from the same through said gs, and a 'fiui'donneetion with the interier of said tube through one 120 of said .plugs for introdu'cing and withdraw- 4 ing liqnid into and from said tube. 3

29. Apparatus of low heat capacity jor' filtering ehilled liqnid under -pressure com rising a fabric tube the ratio of whose eng-thto diameter is great itself constituting a filter cha-mber and whose outer sur- ,faceis in s'hstantially free contact with the surrounding atmosphee and whose -inier surface is substantially freeof eoritaet with structure of high beat Capacity and conductivity, end elosures for said tube, means for delivering liquid into' and withdrawi'ng liquid from said tube, a heating element within seid tube and conections thereto, the heat oe. &city of said tube and sa'idparts assoeiate 'therewith being small, whereby the" quantity of heat bsorbed by chilled liguid mtrodueed afteroperntion of I heating element is small. 130. Apparatus of'iow beat Capacity for filtering wax from chilled oil eompfising a ubstantielly vertical fabric tube having its nner and o'uter surfaces substantially free 16 from contact with other `bodies, means for introdueing the chilled wax hearing oil under pressu-e into said tube, a, 'ecepticle beneuth said. tube 'eceiving the filtered oil passing from the interio' to the exterio' of said tube, means for diseontiming the flow of wax 'beni-ing oil into said tube, u heating element within said tube for nelting the wax eollected upon the inn'e' surface there.- of, and ems connuunicnting with the lower end of said tube for carrying off the nelted Wax collected in the bottmn the'eof.

In testin-muy whereof I have hereunto a'ixed my Signature this 21 (lay of February, 1918.

HOWARD M. NICHOLS, 

